Lesson 35: How Have Civil Rights Movements Resulted in Fundamental Political and Social Change in the United States?
What was the status of civil rights in mid twentieth century America? (Video)
Status of civil rights in mid-twentieth-century America; impact of Fourteenth Amendment; meaning of equal protection of the law; state control; civil rights movement; de jure versus de facto segregation; Brown v. Board of Education; Federalist 78; problem of the enforcement of Supreme Court decisions.
Student Questions: Unit 6, Lesson 35, Sections 1-4 (pdf download)
What were the origins and goals of the civil rights movement for African Americans? (Video)
Civil rights movement; use of religion; impact of World War II and the Cold War; fulfilling promises of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution; prominent organizations in the civil rights movement and their tactics; role of Rosa Parks; use of boycotts.
What are the Civil Right Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965? (Video)
Civil Rights Act of 1964; focus of Fourteenth Amendment on state governments; focus of Civil Rights Act on private organizations and businesses; Commerce Clause; Voting Rights Act of 1965; fulfillment of Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments; disenfranchisement of African Americans; focus of Voting Rights Act on state laws and actions.
What is the role of civil disobedience? (Video)
The role of civil disobedience and its rationalization and use by the civil rights movement; difference in tactics between Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr.; Selma-to-Montgomery march; common arguments for and against civil disobedience; prominent groups advocating civil rights; Americans With Disabilities Act; current civil rights issues.
Little Rock: School Integration (Video)
Clips of the desegregation of Central High from the History Channel.
60 Years On, A Look Back at the Little Rock Nine (Video)
An interview with one of the first African American students to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas when it was integrated in 1957. President Eisenhower sent federal troops to ensure the right of African Americans to attend the school.
Letter from Birmingham Jail (Video)
A video describing the importance of and the history behind the letter from Birmingham Jail.
John F. Kennedy: Address on Civil Rights (Video)
Kennedy speaks from the Oval Office in response to the National Guard being sent to protect African American students at the University of Alabama.
Selma to Montgomery March (Video)
These excerpts from the film "Eyes on the Prize" describes the march from Selma to Montgomery in March 1965, the civil rights movement, and the Voting Rights Act.
Slavery by Another Name-Relays the Forgotten Stories of Post-Civil War Slaves (Video)
A new PBS documentary called "Slavery by Another Name" tells the story of the adapted forced labor practices that helped extend slavery long after the end of the Civil War. Gwen Ifill speaks with Douglas Blackmon, the film?s co-executive producer, about this largely forgotten piece of history and the forces that propelled it.
On the Duty of Civil Disobedience by Thoreau, Henry David (Audio)
A reading of the book by Librivox Recording.
60-Second Civics, Episode 222: Civil Rights Movement, Part 1 (Audio)
The beginning of a celebration of Black History Month with the first in a series of episodes devoted to the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 223: Civil Rights Movement, Part 2 (Audio)
The effect of the Civil War Amendments on the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 224: Civil Rights Movement, Part 3 (Audio)
Two types of segregation that contributed to racial polarization in the United States.
60-Second Civics, Episode 225: Civil Rights Movement, Part 4 (Audio)
How racial segregation and discrimination was deeply entrenched in American life in the 1950s.
60-Second Civics, Episode 226: Civil Rights Movement, Part 5 (Audio)
How the increase in racially motivated violence in the 1950s prompted federal intervention.
60-Second Civics, Episode 227: Civil Rights Movement, Part 6 (Audio)
The origins of the American civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 228: Civil Rights Movement, Part 7 (Audio)
The importance of nonviolence in the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 229: Civil Rights Movement, Part 8 (Audio)
A discussion of the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
60-Second Civics, Episode 230: Civil Rights Movement, Part 9 (Audio)
A discussion of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
60-Second Civics, Episode 231: Civil Rights Movement, Part 10 (Audio)
A discussion of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
60-Second Civics, Episode 232: Six Principles of Nonviolence, No. 1: Courage (Audio)
The beginning of a discussion of Martin Luther King Jr.'s six principles of nonviolence.
60-Second Civics, Episode 233: Six Principles of Nonviolence, No. 2: Reconciliat (Audio)
Martin Luther King Jr.'s second principle of nonviolence: nonviolence seeks reconciliation.
60-Second Civics, Episode 234: Six Principles of Nonviolence, No. 3: Defeat Inju (Audio)
Martin Luther King Jr.'s third principle of nonviolence: that nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice, not people.
60-Second Civics, Episode 235: Six Principles of Nonviolence, No. 4: Educate and (Audio)
Martin Luther King Jr.'s fourth principle of nonviolence: that nonviolence educates and reforms.
60-Second Civics, Episode 236: Six Principles of Nonviolence, No. 5: Love, Not (Audio)
Martin Luther King Jr.'s fifth principle of nonviolence: that nonviolence chooses love instead of hate.
60-Second Civics, Episode 237: Six Principles of Nonviolence, No. 6: The Univers (Audio)
Martin Luther King Jr.'s sixth principle of nonviolence: that the universe is on the side of justice.
60-Second Civics, Episode 238: Practitioners of Nonviolence: Thoreau, Gandhi, an (Audio)
How some of the most famous practitioners of nonviolence influenced each other.
60-Second Civics, Episode 239: Freedom Rides (Audio)
A discussion of the Freedom Rides.
60-Second Civics, Episode 241: Role of the Courts, Part 2: Enforcing Brow (Audio)
The difficulties with enforcing the Brown v. Board of Education decision.
60-Second Civics, Episode 242: Role of the Church in the Civil Rights Movement, (Audio)
The role of the African American church in the years leading up to the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 243: Role of the Church in the Civil Rights Movement, (Audio)
Further discussion of the role of the African American church during the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 244: The Children (Audio)
A discussion of the Children's March of 1963.
60-Second Civics, Episode 245: Bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church (Audio)
The bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in 1963.
60-Second Civics, Episode 246, Civil Rights Activists, Part 1: Fred Shuttleswort (Audio)
The life of Fred Shuttlesworth, a leading figure of the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 247: Civil Rights Activists, Part 2: Dorothy Cotton (Audio)
The life of civil rights leader Dorothy Cotton.
60-Second Civics, Episode 248: Civil Rights Activists, Part 3: John Lewis (Audio)
The contributions of Congressman John Lewis to the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 249: Civil Rights Activists, Part 4: Andrew Young (Audio)
The life of civil rights activist Andrew Young.
60-Second Civics, Episode 250: Civil Rights Activists, Part 5: Mabel Staupers (Audio)
The life of nursing pioneer Mabel Staupers.
60-Second Civics, Episode 251: Civil Rights Activists, Part 6: Septima Clark (Audio)
A discussion of Septima Clark, known as the ""Queen Mother of the American Civil Rights Movement.""
60-Second Civics, Episode 252: Civil Rights Activists, Part 7: Carolyn McKinstry (Audio)
Civil rights activist Carolyn McKinstry.
60-Second Civics, Episode 253: Doug Jones (Audio)
A discussion of attorney Doug Jones, who successfully prosecuted two Birmingham bombers.
60-Second Civics, Episode 254: Civil Rights Since the Mid-20th Century, Part 1 (Audio)
How the movement for civil rights has changed since the mid-twentieth century.
60-Second Civics, Episode 255: Civil Rights Since the Mid-20th Century, Part 2: (Audio)
The farm workers' movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 256: Civil Rights Since the Mid-20th Century, Part 3: (Audio)
The American Indian Movement.
60-Second Civics, Episode 257: Civil Rights Since the Mid-20th Century, Part 4: (Audio)
The movement for women's rights.
60-Second Civics, Episode 258: Civil Rights Since the Mid-20th Century, Part 5: (Audio)
The Equal Rights Amendment.
